what are four building blocks of civilization
Civilization means: the stage of human social developme...
Rising air always cools, and, conversely, sinking air always warms. This type of temperature change, which is caused simply by ascent or descent in the atmosphere, is called adiabatic cooling or warming. When air moves vertically, its pressure changes.
As air heats up and becomes less dense, it rises higher into the air. As it reaches higher elevations, it encounters less air pressure. The lower air pressure at higher elevations allows the air to expand even more. As it continues to expand, it begins to cool.
Air is made of molecules, and therefore has mass. … The difference in barometric pressure between observation sites at different elevations is a measure of the density of air in a column of air between those two elevations. Cold air is denser than warm air.
When the air expands, it becomes thinner due to the atomic collision decreases. ‘ This is the reason air becomes thinner during the expansion time.
As you increase in elevation, there is less air above you thus the pressure decreases. As the pressure decreases, air molecules spread out further (i.e. air expands), and the temperature decreases. … The temperature in the troposphere — the lowest layer of the earth’s atmosphere — generally decreases with altitude.
Warmer air will have a lower density and can also hold more water vapor than cold air, but as this warm air rises into our atmosphere, it cools, mainly because the outer edges of our atmosphere are colder than the surface of the earth. As the air cools, it won’t be able to hold as much water vapor.
Heating a gas increases the kinetic energy of the particles, causing the gas to expand. … Increasing temperature without increasing the volume available to accommodate the expanding gas means that pressure builds up inside the container and may cause it to explode.
Hot air expands, and rises; cooled air contracts – gets denser – and sinks; and the ability of the air to hold water depends on its temperature. A given volume of air at 20°C (68°F) can hold twice the amount of water vapor than at 10°C (50°F).
As air rises, it expands because air pressure decreases with an increase in altitude. When air expands, it cools adiabatically.
Differences in temperature cause air to rise and sink all over Earth’s surface. 2. Rising and sinking air creates high and low pressure. 3.
Warm air expands and rises, creating an area of low pressure; cold air is dense and sinks, creating an area of high pressure.
The temperature of the air is caused by the combination of air, water, and land working together. Those three factors heat and cool areas at different rates. Temperature also varies by the time of day, the season, or even the year.
Boyle’s Law states that if the temperature remains the same and the pressure changes, the volume of the gas in the balloons will decrease as pressure is increased and will increase as pressure is decreased. Gay-Lussac’s Law states that the pressure is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature.
Air density and temperature are like opposite ends of a see-saw — lower temperatures leads to higher density, and higher temperatures to lower density. This is because warmer molecules of air move faster, creating an expansion effect that decreases air density.
Why does air cool when it rises through the atmosphere? … As air rises, it expands because air pressure decreases with an increase in altitude. When air expands, it cools adiabatically.
Convection occurs when air is heated from below by sunlight or by contact with a warmer land or water surface until it becomes less dense than the air above it. The heated parcel of air will rise until it has again cooled to the temperature of the surrounding air.
Rising air parcels expand and cool as they move up in the atmosphere. Sinking air parcels compress and warm as they move lower in atmosphere.
Air expands on heating. … It is because the particles of air on becoming warm, move away from each other and take up more space. So we can say that air on becoming hot occupies more space. Since the particles move away from each other, the air becomes less dense and lighter in weight.
Convection. When a fluid such as air or water touches a hot object, it can heat up and then move in bulk as a fluid, thereby carrying the heat quickly to new locations. Hot air rising is a common example of heat convection.
Because each molecule uses more space for motion, the air expands and becomes less dense (lighter). … The opposite effect happens when air cools. As the temperature drops, molecules move more slowly, taking up less room. The amount of space the air takes up shrinks, or reduces the air pressure.
Cooler air is more dense than warmer air. Warm air can actually hold more moisture because molecules are farther apart, making more room for moisture. Cold air is dense and compact; it’s “thicker,” so when you breathe in you get more oxygen. Thicker air also means there’s more for a crane’s wings to push against.
Whenever the temperature is high, the air pressure is low. As the temperature rises, the air gets heated, expands, and becomes lighter. This lighter air in the vicinity of the earth’s surface starts moving upwards the sky. As a result, the air pressure in such areas decreases.
Air expands on heating because the particles of air on becoming warm, move away from each other and take up more space. So we can say that air on becoming hot occupies more space. Since the particles move away from each other, the air becomes less dense and lighter in weight.